Oracle Database Architecture

Oracle Database
The Oracle relational database management system (RDBMS) provides an open, comprehensive, integrated approach to information management


A database is a collection of data treated as a unit. The purpose of a database is to store and retrieve related information. The Oracle relational database management system (RDBMS) reliably manages a large amount of data in a multiuser environment so that many users can concurrently access the same data. This is accomplished while delivering high performance. At the same time, it prevents unauthorized access and provides efficient solutions for failure recovery.

Connecting to a Server


A database user can connect to an Oracle server in one of three ways:
  . The user logs on to the operating system running the Oracle instance and starts an application or tool that accesses the database on that system. The communication pathway is established using the inter-process communication mechanisms available on the host operating system.
  . The user starts the application or tool on a local computer and connects over a network to the computer running the Oracle database. In this configuration (called client/server), network software is used to communicate between the user and the back-end server.
      - The client/server architecture database system has two parts: a front end (client) and a back end (server) connected through a network. Network software is used to communicate between the user and the Oracle server.
The client is a database application that initiates a request for an operation to be performed on the database server. It requests, processes, and presents data managed by the server. The client workstation can be optimized for its job. For example, the client might not need large disk capacity, or it might benefit from graphic capabilities. Often, the client runs on a different computer than the database server. Many clients can simultaneously run against one server.

Oracle Database Server Architecture: Overview


There are three major structures in Oracle Database server architecture: memory structures, process structures, and storage structures. A basic Oracle database system consists of an Oracle database and a database instance. The database consists of both physical structures and logical structures. Because the physical and logical structures are separate, the physical storage of data can be managed without affecting access to logical storage structures. The instance consists of memory structures and background processes associated with that instance. Every time an instance is started, a shared memory area called the System Global Area (SGA) is allocated and the background processes are started. Processes are jobs that work in the memory of computers. A process is defined as a “thread of control” or a mechanism in an operating system that can run a series of steps. After starting a database instance, the Oracle software associates the instance with a specific database. This is called mounting the database. The database is then ready to be opened, which makes it accessible to authorized users.

Note: The Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) uses the concept of an instance for the memory and process components, but is not associated with a specific database.

Oracle Database 11g

Oracle Database 11g: “g” Stands for Grid



. Open Grid Forum (OGF)

. Oracle’s grid infrastructure:
     - Low cost
     - High quality of service
     - Easy to manage



Grid Infrastructure for Single-Instance

Grid Infrastructure for Single-Instance is introduced with Oracle Database 11g Release 2.
+ Is installed from the clusterware media, separate from Oracle database software
+ Contains Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
+ Contains Oracle Restart – a high availability solution for non-clustered databases
  - Can monitor and restart the following components:
     . Database Instances
     . Oracle Net Listener
     . Database Services
     . Automatic Storage Management (ASM) Instance
     . ASM Disk Groups
     . Oracle Notification Services (ONS/eONS) for Data Guard

Oracle Products and Services

Oracle Products and Services

- Oracle Database
- Oracle WebLogic Application Server (nhom sp dua tren nen jave ma khong thuoc 2 nhom duoi)
- Oracle Applications (erp, crm) hay e-bussiness suite
- Oracle Collaboration Suite (hay contact center) (voice, mail, fax, mobile)
- Oracle Developer Suite (nhom cac sp phat trien ung dung, pl/sql, form, report)
- Oracle Services

Oracle Introduction

Introduction

Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply as Oracle) is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.

Originally developed in 1977 by Lawrence Ellison and other developers, Oracle DB is one of the most trusted and widely-used relational database engines.

The system is built around a relational database framework in which data objects may be directly accessed by users (or an application front end) through structured query language (SQL). Oracle is a fully scalable relational database architecture and is often used by global enterprises, which manage and process data across wide and local area networks. The Oracle database has its own network component to allow communications across networks. Oracle DB is also known as Oracle RDBMS and, sometimes, just Oracle.

Technical interface specification for Mobile Banking sytem

1. INTRODUCTION
Technical interface specification of Mobile Banking sytsem perform payment transactions, financial and non-financial. This document is the basis for coordinating in product development, and product deployment.

2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW


MESSAGE SPECIFICATION (Summary)
Customer information inquiry at counter
- 600000: Message for customer information inquiry

Balance inquiry messages
- 100000: Payment accounts inquiry message
- 110000: Fixed term deposit accounts inquiry message
- 120000: Loan accounts inquiry message

Transaction detail messages
- 130000: Message gains detail information of payment accounts
- 140000: Message gains detail information of fixed term deposit accounts
- 150000: Message gains detail information of loan accounts

History information messages
- 160000: Message for payment account history
- 170000: Message for term deposit account history
- 180000: Message for loan account history

Internal transfer message
- 300000: Message for Account name inquiry
- 310000: Message for transfer between accounts of owner
- 320000: Message for fund transfer between accounts of different owners

Topup Message
- 560000: Message for account posting

Interest and exchange rate inquiry message
- 700000: Message for daily exchange rate inquiry
- 710000: Message for daily interest inquiry

MESSAGE SPECIFICATION

1- Customer information inquiry at counter
1.1- Message for customer information inquiry (600000)




2. Balance inquiry messages
2.1 Payment accounts inquiry message (100000)

Mobile Banking System

What is Mobile Banking System

Most banks offer an online bill payment service that lets you pay bills electronically using a secure online account. You then designate the amounts and dates that you want to pay utility bills, credit card payments, loan payments, appointment fees and more. Following are five benefits of using an online bill payment service.

Mobile Banking Features

Mobile banking can be used for many of the same tasks that you would complete at a bank branch or on your home desktop computer. These include checking account balances, transferring money from one account to another, finding an ATM, setting up alerts (for example, to notify you if an account balance has hit a certain amount), or viewing account statements.

In addition to these basic features, mobile banking services may include direct deposit of checks using your device’s camera, paying bills, sending money to another person, transferring credit card balances, or even conducting investment transactions.

Mobile Banking Is Convenient

Being able to do most, if not all, of your banking on the go is one of the biggest benefits of mobile banking. No matter where you are, you can “take care of business” without interrupting the rest of your life. Bank branches aren’t going away any time soon, but being able to handle your financial life without having to drive to a branch during open hours can be a real time- and schedule-saver.

Mobile Banking Keeps You in Control

Because it’s so easy and so convenient, mobile banking helps keep you in control of your finances. You can monitor your balances and always know where you’re at financially. With account alerts, you can know if your account falls below a certain threshold and instantly transfer money into that account and avoid overdraft fees. You can deposit checks instantly, which is a big help when you need the cash. You can get reminders when to pay bills so you never have to pay a late fee. You can even set up recurring bill payments so you don’t even have to think about when a bill is due. All these features leave you in control of your money on your time.

Mobile Banking Is Secure

Mobile banking is as secure. All reputable financial institution use encryption that safeguards and protects your privacy, identity and your financial information. Some institutions even offer a security guarantee to make your use of mobile banking truly worry-free.

Installing your Oracle Software in Linux 6.5

Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database Installation: System Requirements

Memory requirements:
1 GB for the database instance with Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control
1.5 GB for the ASM instance and Oracle Restart
Disk space requirements:
3 GB of swap space (based on 2 GB RAM)
1 GB of disk space in the /tmp directory
3.8 GB for the Oracle Database software
4.5 GB for the Grid Infrastructure software
1.7 GB for the preconfigured database (optional)
3.4 GB for the fast recovery area (optional)
Operating system (see documentation)



  Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)

Example: Installation Scenario

The installation scenario being presented in this lesson is divided into two parts:
- Part One: Install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for standalone server
- Part Two: Install Oracle Database software

Part One: Installing the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for Standalone Server

Selecting Product Languages


Creating an ASM Disk Group


Defining ASM Passwords


Defining Privileged Operating System Groups


Specifying Installation Location


Creating Inventory


Performing Prerequisite Checks


Verifying Installation Summary Data


Monitoring Installation Progress


Executing root Configuration Scripts


Executing Configuration Assistants


Finishing Installation

Characteristics – O&M

SGSN9810 supports abundant and flexible operation and maintenance.

-3 ways of O&M, LMT ( Local Maintenance Terminal), integrated O&M via iManager M2000, and NMS.

-2 ways of configuration, dynamic and static data configuration.

-Managing SGSN9810 by status query, status control and testing.

-Interface tracing and user tracing functions are combined in the O&M system.

-Real-time performance measurement and management, task management, and custom-built measuring indices.

-Detail alarm and location information, flexible and easy alarm handing.

-2 ways of SGSN9810 system security, authority management and operation log management.

Detail online help documentations.
Features

Physical Ports Capability

Functions – Gb over IP

SGSN9810 support both Gb over FR and Gb over IP.

-In 3GPP, it specify the Network Service (NS) layer can be carried by a frame relay network or an IP network.

-In a Gb over IP network, a NS-VC is defined by  a quadruple consisting of the SGSN IP address, SGSN UDP port number, BSS IP address, and BSS UDP port number. 

Functions – Differential Service

The differential service enables operators to define priorities for subscribers in which resources are controlled  depending on users priorities.

Subscribers are grouped into three classes according to their priorities:

-Special subscribers

-High-end subscribers

-Common subscribers

Operators can offer different services to different subscribers through the following two methods:

-Specifies the threshold of  MM  resources usage to limit the attach and routing area update (RAU) of some subscribers.

-Specifies the threshold of SM resources to limit certain services (PDP contexts) of some subscribers. 

Functions - Handover Strategy Control

The handover strategy control helps operators in distributing traffic and balancing service load between 2G networks and 3G networks.

This function is applicable to the 2G and 3G supportive terminals that are allowed to access 2G/3G network.

When a terminal is in a 3G network,. The handover strategies include:

-Handover to 2G network recommended

-Handover to 2G network not recommended

-Stay in the 3G network

When a terminal is in a 2G network,. The handover strategies include:

-Handover to 3G network recommended

-Handover to 3G network not recommended

-Stay in the 2G network

SGSN Functions - SIGTRAN

The Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN) protocol stack is defined by (IETF) to enables an IP network to transfer the signals of a traditional switched circuit network (SCN). 

Functionally, the SIGTRAN protocol stack is classified in the following two types:

[General signaling transmission protocols : The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)

− which realize the reliable transmission of SS7 signaling messages on an IP network.

[SS7 signaling adaptation protocols : M2UA/M3UA/ IUA/V5UA

−which are designed to adapt the various signaling protocols used by the SCN. 

Functions – NTP Client

NTP (Network Time Protocol)

NTP is a TCP/IP protocol used to broadcast the precise time in the entire IP network. The transmission itself is based on UDP

-The RFC1305 standard defines the algorithm used by the NTP, to ensure the accuracy of the clock synchronization.

The Huawei SGSN9810 supports setting the remote server as the local time server. The local peer works in client mode.

Functions - NACC (Network Assisted Cell Change)

When the MS initiates a cell reselection between the BSCs during the data transmission, NACC function reduces the time delay of the cell reselection greatly and improves the QoS.

 Generally, it maintains the service interruption within 300 ms to 700 ms, rather than 1 second or 2 seconds without applying this function.

To assist fast cell reselection, the MS needs to know the system information of the target cell before cell change.

[If the target cell belongs to another BSC/RNC, In this case, the system information is included in the RAN-INFORMATION message, and then sent to the target BSC/RNC by SGSN.